Parkinson s Disease Is A Progressive Loss Of Functioning...

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive loss of functioning of the brain that results in stiffness, trembling and loss of fine motor control. This disease mainly affects the neurons in the particular area called the substantia nigra with a total loss of dopamine, the absence of these dopamine-producing cells causes the loss of the brain’s ability to control the body movements progressively (Parkinson’s disease, 2016). Parkinson’s disease is very common, with about 70000 Australians as well as the average age of diagnosis is 65 years, however, upcoming generations can also be diagnosed with Parkinson’s. It is also not easy to analyze Parkinson’s as there is no laboratory test, but a neurologist can make the diagnosis of this disease (What is Parkinson s, 2016). John Magill has a case of Parkinson’s disease before 5 years and after having a fall at home, he was admitted to the hospital and was recognised as having a generalised tremor and d ecrease in mobility. This essay aims to provide the risk factors, clinical manifestation, medical managements, holistic nursing care plan and discharge plan for John Magill. Risk factors for Parkinson’s disease. The researchers usually accord with the most of cases that Parkinson’s disease is the result of the mixture of nature and nurture, as there are a number of potential risk factors which may lead to Parkinson’s disease such as age, gender (more likely in men than in women), head injury, exposure of metal and geneticShow MoreRelatedThe Common Types Of Dementia1013 Words   |  5 Pagesthe brain and is known for loss of memory and mental abilities. It’s a progressive disease which means it gets worse over time. If diagnosed early on, the quality of life for people with dementia as well as their family members can be significantly improved. There are many different types of dementias although some are far more reciprocal than others. One of the most common types of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. 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Since there is no cure, things like medications, treatmentsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Dementia2089 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract This analysis of degenerative diseases covers four main diseases in today’s world, including: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Dementia. Alzheimer’s is a degenerative form of dementia that attacks neurons causing the total or partial loss of memory, thinking abilities, language skills, and basic behaviors. Parkinson’s is a progressive disease that targets the central nervous system. Generally the disease will cause tremors, loss of coordination, paralysis, andRead MoreHow Knowledge Of Neurons Has Allowed Illnesses Such As Parkinsons Disease1800 Words   |  8 Pageshuman brain is a detailed network of nerve cells which receive and transmit electrochemical signals around the body. Billions of neurons work together sending information to nerve cells, muscles and gland cells. This essay will go into depth about how knowledge of neurons has allowed illnesses such as Parkinson’s to be more understood. Due to developing knowledge, Parkinson’s has been found to be connected to the death of neurons and low dopamine responses in the brain (Parkinson s disease - NHSRead MoreNot Only Is It Detrimental To The Social Development Of1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthat, â€Å"Many of these lifestyle changes have been shown to lower the risk of other diseases, like heart disease and diabetes, which have been linked to Alzheimer s† (Alzheimer s Association Organization). Even if evidence cannot definitively determine if these lifestyle changes directly relate to a prolonged life, there are correlations that have been developed in a multitude of studies. In terms of Parkinson’s disease, it has been proven time and time again that the slowing of motor function can beRead MoreHealth and Social Care2195 Words   |  9 PagesUnit 13 –Dementia Awareness 1) 1.1. Explain what is meant by the term ‘dementia’ Dementia is a set of symptoms that affect the way people think and interact with each other. It is not a disease, but can often be linked to a disease or damage done to the brain. Short-time memory, mind, speech and motor skills are affected. Certain forms of dementia cause a change in the personality of the individual. A person suffering from dementia will lose certain skills and knowledge they already had. ThisRead MoreNeurodevelopmental And Neurocognitive Disorders1490 Words   |  6 Pagesseverely disabling conditions that are among the most difficult to understand and treat. They make up about 3.2 percent of cases seen In inpatient settings (Sverd et al., 1995). 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Sample Resume Performance Management Process Essay

Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Performance management process Identify the purpose of rating I am proposing the Behavioral Anchored Rating scales (BARS). This method mainly bases its evaluations on key and specific behaviors that are required for each employee position in the organization. BARS technique is designed to show the benefits of the quantitative and qualitative data in the performance appraisal process. BARS mainly compare an employee performance against the specific behavior that is anchored to the numerical ratings (Zaffron, Feb 2009). BARS method is presented in a vertical distribution, with scale points to represent different ratings. Development of BARS requires an in-depth understanding of each task along the understanding of the range of behaviors that an individual should display (Monga, 1983). The behaviors rate for each employee and then they are matched with the points on the rating scale that shows whether the behavior is exceptional (5), excellent (4), competent (3), satisfactory (2) or unsatisfactory (1) performance. Ex ample; 5- Exceptional performance; Employee completes and submits all work assigned within a short period and is very accurate. 4- Excellent performance; Employee completes all work assigned and verifies with the requesting supervisor or manager before submitting. 3- Fully competent performance; Employee completes all work assigned by the end of the working day. These are average employees. 2- Satisfactory or marginal performance;Show MoreRelatedCareer Skills1454 Words   |  6 PagesEisenhauer SLS 1321-34_Week1 July 16, 2013 1. Why is the job search process a cycle rather than a series of steps? 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For example, it is a more efficiency wayRead More BioServer Systems Selection Process Es say1499 Words   |  6 PagesBioServer Systems Selection Process BioServer Systems (BSS) provides secure web server space to its clients. The company is young but has grown exponentially thanks to its groundbreaking encryption technology that is sought after by many businesses including luring some government clients. Stanley Jausneister owns the company and was able to capitalize on his network of pharmaceutical contacts he amassed from his former career in that industry. A longtime client has recently had to fire one of itsRead MoreThe Tragedy That Occurred At Lac Megantic1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe tragedy that occurred at Lac-Megantic in 2013 present several challenges to the rail industry. In order to prevent another incident like this from occurring within the company, management needs to ensure that the best individuals are chosen for employment and that they receive sufficient training and development to work effectively and efficiently. The primary responsibilities of a locomotive engineer involve traffic control, proper communication and inspection and operations of trains. As thisRead MoreOrganizational Culture At E Groceries1354 Words   |  6 Pageshours; provide welfare benefits in order to ensure that our employees and their families are taken care of Job Analysis President Primary Responsibilities: †¢ Direct staff, including organizational structure, professional development, motivation, performance evaluation, discipline, compensation, personnel policies, and procedures †¢ Encourage business investment †¢ Establish objectives for the organization †¢ Implement guidelines on day-to-day basis along with strategic plan that guides the directionRead MoreProposal For Implementation Of Employment Assessments1408 Words   |  6 Pagesemployees. The biggest challenge facing every human resource department today is recruiting and retaining the â€Å"right† talent. Finding the right person to provide the best level of performance for each position in an organization can be like trying to put a puzzle together without all of the pieces. From the application, rà ©sumà ©, and references, matching the candidate’s skill fit is pretty straightforward. In the interview, a lot can be evaluated when it comes to company fit, including attitudes, valuesRead MoreHigh Gpa Hiring Guidelines Are Hampering The Hiring Process Of Valuable Candidates1576 Words   |  7 PagesExplanation of Findings Explanation of the Findings Despite the small sample, the data does show our company GPA guidelines are hampering the hiring process of valuable candidates. The far-reaching, undesirable impact of our high GPA hiring guidelines, may be positively influenced by purposeful communication and making some changes in order to have a more diverse, well-rounded and experienced workforce. These changes will allow our company to be distinct and competitive in our support of exceptionalRead MoreRandstad: Recruitment and the Selection Process2616 Words   |  11 Pagescountries providing professional employment solutions and services. 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How an organization proceeds through each phase canRead MoreWhat The Data Does Show Our Company Gpa Guidelines Are Hampering The Hiring Process Of Valuable Candidates?1609 Words   |  7 PagesWhat the Data Implies Despite the small sample, the data does show our company GPA guidelines are hampering the hiring process of valuable candidates. The far-reaching, undesirable impact of our high GPA hiring guidelines, may be positively influenced by purposeful communication and making some changes in order to have a more diverse, well-rounded and experienced workforce. These changes will allow our company to be distinct and competitive in our support of exceptional service in the national

Topic of Your Choice Essay Free Essays

English 090 Writing Fundamentals Assignment 3: Topic of Your Choice Essay Professor T. Finch Christopher Casselman 08-29-2011 There are many challenges to online study; however, time management, course load and prioritizing are the three main areas that should be focused on. First, determining how much time to spend on a subject is very troublesome. We will write a custom essay sample on Topic of Your Choice Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Depending on the subjects, some people like to spend extra time on certain things like math. Finding the time to spend with the family is stressful as well. There will always be something to distract one from their work. Next, course load will determine a lot of things, such as how much time will be needed for each subject, when assignments are due and when to take tests or quizzes. All of the things aforementioned need to be completed in a certain order and in a timely manner. Following a strenuous schedule will keep one on track. Finally, prioritizing will streamline things tremendously. Prioritize by determining how many assignments are due weekly for each subject, and if there are any tests. As well as, the difficulty of the subjects, and what impact they have on our daily life. In addition, many times we will overload ourselves and will need a momentary break. Though breaks should be short, but long enough so one can grasp the reigns tightly again and continue with what one is doing. Staying focused on the work at hand is hard to do when there are other obligations demanding attention as well. Doing the best in each subject, and staying diligent is the single most important thing. In closing, all of these things should be considered before starting an online course. Regret and failure will be less if one can get a good understanding of what is expected from them and focus on time management, course load and prioritization. How to cite Topic of Your Choice Essay, Essays

A truly Hawthorne Nation Essay Example For Students

A truly Hawthorne Nation Essay A TRULY HAWTHORNE NATION By: ShawnA TRULY HAWTHORNE NATION Many people have had an effect on this country. The reason for this lies in our countrys youth. The United States formed at a time when technological advancements allowed many more people to leave a legacy in its dawning. These advancements led to a creation of literary history. I find it hard to say one person had a larger effect on anything than anyone else, but some people do seem to stand out more than others. In helping to form, or even by just translating how others helped to form this country, authors were able to compile a great deal of literature. This literature has left us a way to learn about our history and many of the important people in it. One of these important people, whom also happened to be an author, was Nathaniel Hawthorne. He wrote about his own experiences, including his observations of other peoples experiences. His life led him to the right places at the right times. Today anybody can pick up his works and take from them the knowledge of what it was like to live during his times. Anyone who reads his work inherits just a little bit of his style into their own writing. There is so much of his own work, on top of so much work pertaining to him, in this world that it is hard for him not to have made an impact on it. He has served as a translator, taking in the influences of his time and especially the people of his time, to in turn influence the future. Nathaniel Hathorne was born July 4, 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts(Carey ed. 6). Here alone is where he gained much of his influence, both through his familys history, as well as in his own time. Much of his persona can be understood by knowing some facts of his life. His father died, while at sea, of yellow fever in 1808(Carey ed. 6). Due to a leg injury in 1813 Nathaniel was unable to attend school and was thus home taught by Joseph Worcester for a short time(online:Dates 1800 to 1900- a timeline from Nathaniel Hawthorne: 4/1/99). In 1819 he attended Samuel Archers School, in preparation for college(Martin 11). In 1820 he was tutored by Benjamin Oliver(11). He began his studies at Bowdoin in 1821, where he was privileged enough to work along side Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Franklin Pierce, and other great minds(Carey ed. 6). In 1830 he added a w to his last name, changing it to Hawthorne(online: Dates: 4/1/99). In 1838 a good friend of his, Jonathan Cilley, died in a duel in Washington D.C.(online: Dates: 4/1/99). Nathaniel married Sophia Peabody in July of 1842. He served as consul to Liverpool from 1853 to 1857, a job he received from President Franklin Pierce, most likely as a gift for having written his biography. Nathaniel his wife Sophia and their many children lived a happy adventure filled life. I find it really simple to see where Nathaniel Hawthorne gained his influences, whether it be his family history or the unique paths he chose to take in his extraordinary life. His family had a deep history in quaint Salem Village, where they were involved in the infamous Salem Witch Trials. His embarrassment of this history is the reason many people speculate he changed the spelling of his name. During the early 1830s Nathaniel spent time with the Shakers of Cantebury, New Hampshire(Online: Dates: 4/1/99). In 1840 he began a job in the Boston Custom House. He lived at Brook Farm, a utopian community in West Roxbury, for part of 1841(online: Dates: 4/1/99). From 1853 to 1857, Nathaniel served as consul to Liverpool. I find it easy to say he did not live the average life, he always strove to learn as much as possible about anything he could. Luckily for him, but even more so for us, Nathaniel Hawthorne was given many opportunities to share his wealth of information with the world. In 1836 he was given the privilege of editing and mostly writing the American Magazine of Useful and Entertaining Knowledge(Carey ed. Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Essay I believe in many ways, Hawthorne was foretelling the future. One such example is when he published The Scarlet Letter, and how he opened up many issues pertaining to the Womens Liberation Movement. He used a lot of symbolism in all his writings, such as in Young Goodman Brown, these symbols were put into place to show women were just as important as men, which also took part in the Womens Suffrage Movement later on. It took a very open-minded man to include these concepts in his works. Quite possibly these works helped to influence the progression of women to go along as well as it has. Like the purpose of a history, Nathaniel Hawthorne has taken the mistakes of the past and taught the future not to make them again, or in the case of mankind he has taught us to refrain from doing it over and over again, as much as possible. Nathaniel Hawthorne took what he had as a history along with the influences in his time to tell the world a story. Whether they were stories from before his time, stories based on his own life, or even just ideas he spread through the bonds he made, he helped knit a sense of history that this nation can call its own. I believe he had just the right mix of history and connections to put him in the center stage of influence. He had relationships with other great authors and artists of his time, whom he was able to grasp the concepts of. He had the political ties from which to gain power and initiative. He even had a family history from which to build on. All these attributes combined with one of the nineteenth centurys greatest minds, Nathaniel Hawthorne has been able to do more for this nation than we could ever understand. He paved the way for future writers and historians. He opened the doors for women and liberals. Most of all, he kept us up to date on our past. You see, Nathaniel Hawthorne really has served as a translator, taking in the influences of his time and interpreting them in a way to influence the future. Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY Carey, Gary, M.A., ed. . Cliffs Notes on Hawthornes The House of the Seven Gables. Lincoln Nebraska: Cliffs Notes Inc.,1984 Dates 1800-1900 a timeline. Online. http://eldred.ne.mediaone. net/nh/nhe.html, April 2, 1999. Fleming, Thomas. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Readers Companion to American History (1991): 493 Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Celestial Railroad, and other stories. New York, Signet Classics, New American Library, 1980. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York, Signet Classics, New American Library, 1980. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Edited by Sculley Bradley, Richmond Croom Beatty, and E. Hudson Long. W. W. Norton Company Inc., 1961, 1962. Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York, Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965. Quotes from Nathaniel Hawthorne. Online. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/nhquotes. html. April 2, 1999 Sorel, Nancy Cauldwell. Herman Melville and Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Atlantic Monthly. Jan. (1995): 73 Word Count: 1742

USF Corporate Essay Example

USF Corporate Essay USF Corporate Travel, like any other modern business today, needs to have an online presence. Networks have become a global tool that is used as platforms for any organization to remain competitive. Installing a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is one of the recommended methods of implementing a network through which all computers within an organization can be connected to achieve a smooth flow of information and execution of business processes. USF would like to increase their corporate image by allowing potential and existing customers to use their laptops while they are in their premises. Even though different models of the WLAN exist, they have a common vulnerability which is security.   These vulnerabilities or threats to security can be curbed or reduced to an acceptable level that will cause minimal loss for USF Corporate Travel.To thoroughly understand the security implications of the implementation of WLAN, it is important to take a look at the concept, technology and ar chitecture of Wireless LAN Technology. This insight is necessary so that USF Corporate Travel can make an informed decision as to the most appropriate way of deploying the Wireless Local Area Network.The Concept of WLANA Wireless Local Area Network is a type of network that does not rely on wired connections to be functional. It may be implemented as an extension of or as an alternative to a wired LAN. Data is received and transmitted over the air (Proxim, 1998).The speed of a WLAN ranges from 1 to 54Mbps though some manufacturers offer up to 108Mbps solutions. A WLAN signal can cover areas ranging from small offices to large campus and areas. Several standards of WLAN hardware can be found, for example, 802.11a, b and g standards are the most common for home access points and large businesses. There are different types of technology utilized in implementing wireless technology and one of them is the Narrowbandechnology, which involves spreading and receiving information on a specif ic radio frequency. The second is the Spread Spectrum Technology which is implemented via Frequency-hopping spread-spectrum and the direct sequence spread-spectrum. Also, there’s the Infrared Technology which is also very popular (Proxim, 1998).Wireless LANs use electromagnetic waves to communicate information without the need of any physical connections. Access points are used to transmit and receive information and are thus called transceivers; one single access point can support many users. LAN configurations can employ peer-to-peer topologies and complex networks offering data connectivity and roaming facilities. IEEE 802.11b/WiFi standard encryption for wireless networking has been replaced by the more secure IEEE 802.1x standard, which comprises three different sections: Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and 802.1x (Proxim, 1998).Benefits of WLANIt is more flexible than wired Ethernet connections. Users and Staff of the company can move around the office space and still remain connected to the network. The installation procedure of a WLAN is easier and more cost-effective because it eliminates the need to run cables around the building; it also eliminates the cost of labour required in installing cables all over the building. Even though the cost of setting it up may outweigh that of a wired connection, over time, it proves to be more cost-effective due to the innovative technologies that are continually introduced into the market (Proxim, 1998). Another major benefit of a WLAN is that the configurations to the wireless networks can be easily changed and modified to fit the organization’s mobility requirements. Other major benefits include the ease of deployment, flexible installation options and scalability. WLAN security may be compromised by the effects of Denial-of-Service attacks, spoofing and eavesdropping (Proxim, 1998).Vulnerabilities of Wireless NetworksThere are inherent security flaws in Wir eless Local Area Networks. IEEE 802.11 is a standard model of WLAN and this is used as reference in the discussions contained in this document. There are numerous reasons while wireless systems are seen as insecure and not secure suitable enough even though it provides excellent network connections. Most of the data sent via wireless networks are protected by encryption at the low level but there are still some vulnerabilities at higher levels (Komu Nordstrom, 1999).One of the major vulnerabilities of Wireless LAN is that an intruder can easily block an entire radio channel used for communication by transmitting junk over that channel. This is a form of Denial of Service (DOS) attack that can prevent legitimate users from gaining access to network systems. WLANs can also be exploited by stealing the laptop of a legitimate user and gaining unauthorized access to the network (Komu Nordstrom, 1999).The authentication procedures used for logging onto the network are quite unreliable and this may subsequently lead to the compromise of security settings, information and possibly, loss of millions of dollars. With Wireless networks, only the data that is transmitted is encrypted.   Data headers are not encrypted and as such, it becomes possible for anyone to decipher the source and destination of the data being transmitted.With WLANs, data is sent through air and this leaves it open for intruders to intercept whatever information is being sent. Data is vulnerable to being sniffed by anyone who already has access to the network Another major problem with wireless networks is that the management of the keys that facilitate access to networks is done by an operator (Komu Nordstrom, 1999).Accessibility is another major feature of WLANs that make them easy to attack. Wireless LANs are very easy to access because they need to announce their existence so that existing and potential clients can connect directly to them. This is possible through a special feature known as b eacons. These beacons have no privacy functions. The only security methods that can be implemented at this level are encryption and strong accesses control (Johnson, 2002).Rogue access points can be created by any malicious attacker. Access points can be purchased from a store, and used to connect to corporate networks without a hitch. These pose security threats to the entire network (Johnson, 2002).How can we improve the Security of Wireless LANs?Adopting a layered approach is one of the most recommended methods for securing the Wireless Network. This includes locking down communication between devices, and monitoring neighbouring air spaces to ensure a safe implementation of the WLAN. Sensitive traffic may also be monitored through the use of Virtual Private Networks and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). An effective IDS should be stationed at all access points to monitor 802.11a/b/g protocols and analyze them for signals of attack or irregularities (Khatod, 2004).There are othe r ways of improving the security of Wireless LAN systems. By following the approaches outlined below, information assets of organizations can be kept reasonably safe. Unauthorized access points, user stations, laptops and printers constitute significant threats to network security. The default configuration of these systems offer little security to the entire network and can easily be misconfigured. Intruders may also use any of these insecure stations as an entry point to attack the network (Khatod, 2004).Neighbouring Wireless LANS located within the same area also present certain security risks because they may attempt to access an organization’s network and thereby interfere with the existing wireless channels. There are however, certain software that can help to identity unauthorized access points and network vulnerabilities. For example, NetStumbler and Kismet. These are however limited and involve the system administrator walking across the area and scanning for threats in the air. The recommended way to detect rogue stations and connections is by continuous monitoring. A continuous network monitoring strategy should be adopted through the use of wireless intrusion-detection sensors (Khatod, 2004).All access points should have security and management features. MAC (Media Access Control) address filtering is another method of securing the wireless network and preventing it from abuse. MAC address filtering is used to determine and filter which computers can connect to the network. Larger enterprises that have a huge number of computer systems may however, not be able to use MAC address filtering effectively and may employ the use of Remote authentication dial-in service (RADIUS) servers.Also, to prevent pople from connecting to the Wireless LAN without the organization’s knowledge, access points should be configured not to allow slow connections which are typical from stations close to the area where the WLAN is deployed. Encryption and auth entication are the main methods of security used by Wireless LANS these days. Unfortunately, they are not fool-proof.   In 2001, Hackers where able to show how the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), a standard method used for the encryption of 802.11 WLANs could be cracked. Many organizations after seeing this illustration became wary of deploying WEP and this made their networks more exposed (Khatod, 2004). To combat intrusion, it is important to set and enforce WLAN policies. This will help to prevent security breaches and attacks. Examples of policies that may be implemented limiting WLAN traffic to selected channels, speeds, and durations (Khatod, 2004).Major Access points running default configurations need to activate this WEP facility so that unauthorized access can be prevented. Unauthorized access can cause bandwidth charges and legal and security problems. 802.1x is a modified version of wireless connectivity that is more secure and allows the selection of an authentication mode based on Transport Layer Security (TLS) to ensure users attach only to authorized access points (Johnson, 2002).ReferencesJohnson, B. C. (2002). Wireless 802.11 LAN Security: Understanding the Key Issues. SystemExperts Corporation.Khatod, A. (2004, November 4). FIve Steps to WLAN Security. Retrieved December 11, 2008, from Computer World: http://www.computerworld.com/mobiletopics/mobile/story/0,10801,97178,00.htmlNordstrom, M. K. (1999). Known Vulnerabilities in Wireless LAN Security. Retrieved December 10, 2008, from http://www.niksula.hut.fi/~mkomu/docs/wirelesslansec.htmlProxim. (1998). What is a Wireless LAN? Proxim.

Thomas Jefferson Essays - Thomas Jefferson, Free Essays, Term Papers

Thomas Jefferson Essays - Thomas Jefferson, Free Essays, Term Papers Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people?s ability to govern themselves. He left an impact on his times equaled by few others in American history. Born on April 13, 1743, Jefferson was the third child in the family and grew up with six sisters and one brother. Though he opposed slavery, his family had owned slaves. From his father and his environment he developed an interest in botany, geology, cartography, and North American exploration, and from his childhood teacher developed a love for Greek and Latin. In 1760, at the age of 16, Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary and studied under William Small and George Wythe. Through Small, he got his first views of the expansion of science and of the system of things in which we are placed. Through Small and Wythe, Jefferson became acquainted with Governor Francis Fauquier. After finishing college in 1762, Jefferson studied law with Wythe and noticed growing tension between America and Great Britain. Jefferson was admitted to the bar in 1767. He successfully practiced law until public service occupied most of his time. At his home in Shadwell, he designed and supervised the building of his home, Monticello, on a nearby hill. He was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1769. Jefferson met Martha Wayles Skelton, a wealthy widow of 23, in 1770 and married her in 1772. They settled in Monticello and had one son and five daughters. Only two of his children, Martha and Mary, survived until maturity. Mrs. Martha Jefferson died in 1782, leaving Thomas to take care of his two remaining children. Though not very articulate, Jefferson proved to be an able writer of laws and resolutions he was very concise and straight to the point. Jefferson soon became a member in a group which opposed and took action in the disputes between Britain and the colonies. Together with other patriots, the group met in the Apollo Room of Williamsburg?s famous Raleigh Tavern in 1769 and formed a nonimportation agreement against Britain, vowing not to pay import duties imposed by the Townshend Acts. After a period of calmness, problems faced the colonists again, forcing Jefferson to organize another nonimportation agreement and calling the colonies together to protest. He was chosen to represent Albermarle County at the First Virginia Convention, where delegates were elected to the First Continental Congress. He became ill and was unable to attend the meeting, but forwarded a message arguing that the British Parliament had no control over the colonies. He also mentioned the Saxons who had settled in England hundred of years before from Germany and how Parliament had no more right to govern the colonies than the Germans had to govern the English. Most Virginians saw this as too extreme, though. His views were printed in a pamphlet called A Summary of the Rights of British America (1774). Jefferson attended the Second Virginia Convention in 1775 and was chosen as one of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress, but before he left for Philadelphia, he was asked by the Virginia Assembly to reply to Lord North?s message of peace, proposing that Parliament would not try to tax the settlers if they would tax themselves. Jefferson?s "Reply to Lord North" was more moderate that the Summary View. Instead of agreeing with Lord North, Jefferson insisted that a government had been set up for the Americans and not for the British. The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by Jefferson in June 1776. Congress felt that the Declaration was too strong and gave Dickinson the responsibility of redrafting the document, but the new version included much of Jefferson?s original text and ideas. In 1779, Jefferson became governor of Virginia, guiding Virginians through the final years of the Revolutionary War. As a member of the Second Continental Congress, he drafted a plan for decimal coinage and composed an ordinance for the Northwest Territory that formed the foundation for the Ordinance of 1787. In 1785, he became minister to France. Appointed secretary

Advantages And Disadvantages Of In Depth Interviews Psychology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of In Depth Interviews Psychology Essay Health, social work, education and other social activities are considered as social sciences and fields of practice because they influence peoples lives every day (Merriam 2009). Due to humans curiosity and eager to learn, we choose to discover and learning more about ones practice rather than improving ones practice. Through qualitative research, it can leading us to ask more researchable question, not only find the solution, but also discover why it happen and how to overcome it Definition of Qualitative Research Qualitative research is specific relevance to the study of social relations, due to the fact of the diversification of life worlds. According to Hennink (2010), qualitative research is a broad umbrella term that covers a wide range of techniques and philosophies. It can examine peoples experiences in details, by using a specific set of research methods such as focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, visual methods, observations, content analysis and life histories o r biographies. One of the distinctive features of qualitative research is to identify the issue from the perspective of study participants. Through interpretation, understand the meanings that towards the behavior, events and objects. The skill of qualitative researcher must be expert so that they can extract the information and meaning form the given data, convert them into useful information such as report or presentation. Tools of Qualitative Research In-depth Interviews In-depth interviews are open-ended and guided discussion that involves conducting thorough individual interviews with a small number of respondents. The main objective is to discover their perspectives on a particular situation, idea and program (Boyce 2006). In-depth interviews are used to explore and understand about a persons thoughts, ideas and behaviours. Through interview, information and outcome data can be obtained, thus understanding what happen in a specific program and why it happened. When to use? In- depth interviews can be used when making complementary method strategy to a survey. Researchers had to develop techniques and strategies for working with groups of children and young people. In addition, in-depth interviews will be the best if someone are interested in individual information which regarding several topics of interest that can be attained only through an informal conversation alone with the child informant. When not to use? As long as the interview person is children, it is important to treat them as active participants, rather than mere respondents. It is essential to give them the opportunity to explain their responses in the interviewing process. Their emotion must be concern, so that they will not feel like been force giving the right answer. Advantages and disadvantages of In-depth Interviews The primary advantage of in-depth interviews is that much comprehensive information can be obtained through other data collection methods such as surveys. Survey can create a friendly environment for people to fill out their ideas and thought, thus the results and feedbacks can be obtained more easily and accurately. The secondary advantage of in-depth interviews is to allow interviewers to understand deeper with the participant, and gain more extra knowledge and insight than focus group. Thirdly, the faster process had become one advantage of in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews can enable the recruiting and scheduling process easier and faster.

Reaction paper on the article by droogsma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction paper on the article by droogsma - Essay Example Their response contradicted with the unfounded perception of the Non-Muslim members. The women highlighted various significant aspects of the veil. Droogsma explains the veil to be critical in displaying one’s identity while highlighting their affiliation to the Muslim religion. However, one’s clothing may be a source of discrimination (Droogsma, 2007). The Muslim veil also served as a behavior control to Muslim women. Veiled Muslim women were less likely to behave inappropriately as opposed to their unveiled counterparts. Interviewed women admitted that the veil aided in upholding the Muslim values, such as behaving decently in the presence of members of the opposite gender (Droogsma, 2007). This aided them in earning respect from both Muslim and Non-Muslim members of the society. In my view, it is critical for the societal members to respect the Veiled Muslim members, and look into their rationale for wearing the veil. Some researchers also script biased document that tend to criminalize the veil while ignoring the opinion of the concerned Muslim women (Droogsma, 2007). Mitigation measures ought to be in place, to eliminate the discrimination of the Muslim women within the American society. However, the decision to put on the veil should be personal, and religion should compel women into putting on the

Curcumin to cure Cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Curcumin to cure Cancer - Research Paper Example ies have been performed that hold up curcumin-mediated regulation of COX pathways, which is an essential mechanism by which curcumin stops a number of ailment processes, including the cancer. The precise regulation of COX-2 by curcumin is not fully established; though, existing evidence show that curcumin controls COX-2 mainly at the transcriptional level and, to some extent, the posttranslational level. The curcumin-selective transcriptional control action of the COX-2 inhibitory potential of this naturally occurring agent offer unique advantages over synthetic COX inhibitors, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Cells will be treated with free Cisplatin and then with free curcumin to test the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic drug. This control will be compared to a plate of cells treated with nano-encapsulated curcumin along with cisplatin. My hypothesis is that the nanoparticle delivery of drugs will show less resistance in the cells to the chemopreventive drug, a down regulation of COX-2, as well as decreased proliferation. I will be using fluorescent mesoporous  silica  nanoparticles to encapsulate the cisplatin and deliver it to the mitochondria of the cells. The delivery system should not only demonstrate enhanced cellular uptake, but also show an elevated  drug effect which should reduce the associated side effects. In addition, a new, simple and reasonably priced fluorescent based PT quantification technique has been adopted as an alternative of the commonly used ICP-based quantification method and this strategy of quantification could be elaborated to monitor fluorescentà ‚  pro drug  nanoparticles  during real-time diagnosis. A common problem with the present chemotherapeutic interventions is that it causes inflammation in the gut and kidney cells. To test my method against this, I will also conjugate the cisplatin nanoparticles with curcumin to test if the side effects are even further diminished. To measure the effectiveness of the

Individual Rights Essay Example for Free

Individual Rights Essay When I am at my placement which is a day care centre for the elderly, I treat patients with respect; I do this by talking politely to the patients, knocking on the door before I entered patient’s room and asking them how they wish to be named (e. g. Mr, Mrs) To be treated as an individual: While I was at placement I treat everyone as an individual, I did this by talking to the patients and finding out about their interests and watching how they act. I did not treat all the patients the same. Just because 2 were diabetic I didn’t stop all patients having sweets. To be treated in a dignified way: I tried to maintain the patient’s dignity by taking them aside if they wanted to tell me something or closing the door behind them if they were going to the toilet. When the patients said or did something laughable, I didn’t laugh at them. To be treated equally and not to be discriminated against: Everyone at placement is different based on their religion, race, sexuality, disabilities or age. But I didn’t not discriminate them against this or treat them unfairly. To be allowed privacy: If the patients wanted privacy when I was with them during my time on placement I would have closed the door which would have blocked other people out from seeing into the room or would have gone outside the room with the patient where they could have privacy to do what they wanted. To be cared for in a way that meets out needs and takes account of preferences and choice: I take it into account what patients say to me and about their choices. If they wish to do a certain activity, I would have gone out of my way to do as they wanted. To be able to communicate using a preferred method: At placement I communicate in which method the patient wanted, if a patient wants to write on a piece of paper and have a conversation this way that is what we would have done. To be allowed access to information about themselves: When at placement patient information is confidential but if the patient asks something about themselves, they were give the information as this may have help them through something. To be safeguarded from danger or harm: Patients should always be in an environment which they feel safe in; they should feel like they are safe in the building and safe with the people caring for them. During my time at placement I have reassured patients when they are feeling unsafe and calmed patients when they are worried about their safety. An example of this; when patients see people entering the centre they worry about who they are and what they are doing here, I then reassure them.

Life Saver :: Interview Essays

Life Saver The phone starts ringing as soon as Rita Murray enters the office of the Birthright House in Richmond, Indiana. A teenage girl asks for information about a free pregnancy test. While Rita is scheduling an appointment for the girl, a new mother comes in needing diapers and formula for her baby. Rita starts for the diapers, but another mother walks in the door bringing a bag full of baby clothes and a handmade quilt to donate. Just as the office begins to settle, two girls, "Christy" and "Heather," walk in without an appointment wanting pregnancy tests. After the tests are given, the girls wait for the results and watch a video of fetal development. Rita returns with the results and several pamphlets about teenage pregnancy, dating, abstinence, and the effects of abortion. Christy's test is positive and Heather's is negative. Christy starts to cry, "I can't have a baby, I'm too young." She asks Rita, "How can I tell my boyfriend . . . my parents? What do I do now?" She has many questions about the medical aspects of her pregnancy, and is unsure about what will happen now to her and to her baby. Rita asks her about her family and sex life, goes over the various pamphlets with her, and talks about decisions she will now have to make. She sits quietly with Christy and talks about the decisions that must be made. Christy walked into Birthright a teenage girl with few worries, but as she leaves, she seems much more burdened with the many choices she now has to make. Birthright is a Pro-Life international movement with offices throughout North America and Africa. In 1968, Louise Summerhill, a homemaker and a mother of seven, founded Birthright in Toronto, Canada, starting the service with $300 and promises of help from 60 women, 20 doctors, and other professionals. Richmond's Birthright branch consists of 30 volunteers, like Rita, with assistance from six local doctors. If further assistance is needed, Birthright may refer a client to additional community services, including affordable medical services, legal services, housing, maternity homes for unwed mothers, adoption information, educational guidance, and employment assistance. If the client is in serious financial need, Birthright will offer its assistance.

In conflict, it is women who suffer most

Plan: Interpretation of prompt: Generally throughout the majority of conflicts especially physical conflict, it is the men who are at the forefront fighting the battle. However it is the mother, the wives, the daughters and the sisters of these men who are the ones who suffer most. Paragraphs/Ideas * Picassos painting â€Å"the weeping woman† depicts a grief stricken lady, experiencing the true devastation of losing a beloved male to the horror of the Spanish civil War. In the quiet American, it is Phuong who suffers throughout the text, being torn between both men when having to decide who she wants to be with as a result of the conflict between the two men. * Essay: History has proven to the world that no matter gender, race or religion, conflict will always arise. Not always but generally it is the men of the world who stand up for what they believe in, resulting in the battle of conflict between men. Frequently ending physically, men attempt to prove dominance in their com petitive race through conflict, while women are forced to take a back seat. Despite the result of a male dominated conflict, the deeper consequences show a suffering and pain that is caused to the women who are affected most from the outcome. Famous painter Pablo Picasso’s early 1900’s painting of the â€Å"Weeping Woman† presents the severe suffering that is caused to women through conflict. Representing a woman devastated by the effects of the Spanish Civil War, Picasso displays a face that is etched with a universal pain felt by all women who have been affected through the loss of men to war. The tears treaming down her excoriated face shows the suffering caused by a woman who has clearly felt the true effect of a conflict. Although millions of men have lost their lived and been damaged physically through war, it is clearly devastated through the Picasso’s painting that the emotional suffering that impacts on women is much more severe. Women have very little impact when it comes to conflict, especially when it is male dominated . Being forced to be a bystander like the weeping women, causes adverse emotion affects on women, such that is more traumatising to them than the conflict to the man. They may not always display it, but women always feel the pain of conflict more harshly than men. The harsh suffering that women experience through conflict is similarly exemplified in Grahem Greene’s text The Quiet American. Greene’s female main character Phoung and her sister represent two Vietnamese women who are affected differently by the horrors of the Vietnam War. The conflict of the war mixed in with the rivalry of her two lover’s for her affection tears Phuong apart and inflicts emotional pain on her. Her love for main character Fowler combats against her will to be married to protagonist Pyle, causing her to feel a world of hurt as a result. With Phuong unable to truly decide between her original lover and the man who can provide her with what she needs, we see the sorrow that slowly confuses and destroys her throughout the text. The pain of seeing her younger sister unhappy and unmarried also tears at Phuongs sister, with her main priority of doing what is right for Phuong impacting her every decision. Phuong’s sister can clearly see the happiness experienced when her sister is with fowler however she knows that they are unable to marry. The need for Phuong to marry a man who can provide for her inflicts suffering upon Phuong’s sister as she forces herself to convince Phuong to make the appropriate choice. This conflict of man vs man influenced by the war presents just how women are always at the deepest end of suffering emotionally compared to men. It is the women such as Phuong and her sister who experience the unfathomable pain and suffering that is forced upon them by the conflict which only affects men to a certain level. Paragraph 3: Regardless of whether it is emotional or physical, the battle of supremacy within a conflict shall always end with suffering. What is not always seen on the surface of a conflict is the deeper pain that is thrust upon those who are not directly involved. Generally, it is the women who suffer the most throughout conflict, the women who are bystanders and experience the conflict on another level. Men are usually at the front line of a conflict, doing what is right by their beliefs however it is there beloved female family members who bear the grunt of the painful result of a conflict.

Identify the statutory and voluntary agencies who may work together at the scene of an emergency incident Essay

P3 – identify the statutory and voluntary agencies who may work together at the scene of an emergency incident Statutory and voluntary agencies: Statutory agencies are services like the police, fire and ambulance. These will always join an emergency incident. However at some incidents they will be helped by voluntary agencies like: St John Ambulance – St John Ambulance is a charitable organisation staffed by trained volunteers. The organisation responds to hundreds of emergency incidents (including major incidents) such as floods, fires, road traffic collisions and train crashes. The service supports and assists those in need, and is an excellent resource in terms of trained staff, medical aid and emergency vehicles. It can also provide evacuation centres. The St John ambulance has helped the statutory agencies during the floodings 2007 in York. â€Å"Throughout June and July 2007 our volunteers worked tirelessly to help support communities hit by heavy flood waters. We have provided a 24-hour support with volunteers and vehicles in a bid to help people struck by the disaster and set up many rest centres for those evacuated from their homes†. As you can see St John Ambulance makes a huge difference when they help the other emergency services at a major incident as it says above ‘set up many rest centres for those evacuated from their home’. By them doing that they have helped out the police services which saved them plenty of time. British Red Cross – The British Red Cross is a voluntary organisation that provides all sorts of things for example: First Aid, Emergency Response, Heal and Social Care, finding missing family, preparing for disasters and last but not least refugees support. During an incident the organisation can provide emotional support, support with the care of children and pets use of  shower and toilet facilities, provision of toiletries, clothing, light refreshments, use of a telephone and last but not least first aid. â€Å"As a leading voluntary organisation for emergency response, the Red Cross has thousands of specially trained volunteers who provide a range of services to people in emergencies, including practical and emotional support and first aid services. The Red Cross also has well-equipped fire and emergency support service (FESS) vehicles which play a vital role in supporting local fire and ambulance services. Before the flooding began, we launched a co-ordinated response to help vulnerable people across areas threatened by flooding in the UK. Our response included: Evacuation, staffing rest centres, support to the statutory services, distribution of emergency provisions, support from across the organisation, supplies and information. The British Red Cross have done a huge favour not only to the public but to the statutory agencies by supporting them on first aid and evacuation ECT. In my opinion without the British Red Cross it would of been ten times harder to solve the major incident, not only that hundreds more of casualties would of died if it weren’t for the British Red cross. Mountain rescue – Mountain rescue, a voluntary service that is train to rescue people who may have an accident it the mountain or lake area where there is limited ways to contact anybody for help. The Mountain Rescue team has supported the statutory agencies during the Grayrigg train crash at 2007. â€Å"Mr Farron, MP for South Lakes, said: â€Å"It’s only fitting that Network Rail’s fine goes to help those who were first to provide assistance on the night. Sadly it is all too true that these wonderful volunteer services do have to hold out a hand for windfalls and without them they could not survive†. As you can see the mountain rescue team was a huge support. It been said above without them they could not survive that proves a point that mountain rescue team is a hard working and organised organisation. Bibliography Bourley, A. (2012, May 24 ). GIVE MOUNTAIN RESCUE TEAMS GRAYRIGG FINES CASH, SAYS CUMBRIAN MP. Retrieved october 8, 2013, from newsandstar: http://www.newsandstar.co.uk/news/give-mountain-rescue-teams-grayrigg-fines-cash-says-umbrian-mp-1.957516?referrerPath=# Dymond, H. (n.d.). Emergency response. Retrieved 10 8, 2013, from sja: http://www.sja.org.uk/sja/what-we-do/emergency-response.aspx Gray, D. (2010). oublic services level 3 btec nationals book 2. Society, T. B. (2007, august 2). How the UK floods crisis unfolded. Retrieved january 10, 2013, from redcross: http://www.redcross.org.uk/What-we-do/Emergency-response/Past-emergency-appeals/National-Floods-Appeal-2007/How-the-crisis-unfolded

Free Essays on Greatest Challenge

Challenge Essay When it comes to challenges, most young adults might say it’s trying to please their parents or trying to keep up with their car and insurance payments, but I feel that my greatest challenge, so far, is trying to stay positive and focused. Some might not see this as being a real challenge, but in my situation, that seems to get harder and harder each and every day. I am an 18 year old senior in high school. I’m on the varsity football team and also active in many clubs and class activities. I have a 3.6 GPA and ranked 50th among graduating seniors; but I don’t think I would have made it this far, if it weren’t for the help I received from my teachers and me staying positive and focused. About a year ago, my family and I were place in one of the toughest situations a family could go through, being homeless. Imagine being a junior in high school and losing almost everything you ever had. It was even more detrimental for my mother. She’s a single parent, making only $1,500 a month, trying to raise three children, put a descent roof over our heads, and taking on a car note and many other expenses, all without any assistance. After being evicted, we entered into a shelter for homeless families. This is where we now reside, but it’s only a one bedroom apartment and we could only stay there for one year: so now we are going through the pain stakes of getting packed and moving. Through all the hardships we have endured, and I truly mean hardships, we have been determined to stay positive. As of now, I have to constantly stay positive and focused. I wake up at five o’clock in the morning to catch the bus to go to school and make sure I stay focused on what needs to be done in class and try not to go to sleep. After school is over, I have football practice, which leaves me tired and exhausted, and from there I go straight to work. To add to the frustration, I have to also make sure my sister and brother h... Free Essays on Greatest Challenge Free Essays on Greatest Challenge Challenge Essay When it comes to challenges, most young adults might say it’s trying to please their parents or trying to keep up with their car and insurance payments, but I feel that my greatest challenge, so far, is trying to stay positive and focused. Some might not see this as being a real challenge, but in my situation, that seems to get harder and harder each and every day. I am an 18 year old senior in high school. I’m on the varsity football team and also active in many clubs and class activities. I have a 3.6 GPA and ranked 50th among graduating seniors; but I don’t think I would have made it this far, if it weren’t for the help I received from my teachers and me staying positive and focused. About a year ago, my family and I were place in one of the toughest situations a family could go through, being homeless. Imagine being a junior in high school and losing almost everything you ever had. It was even more detrimental for my mother. She’s a single parent, making only $1,500 a month, trying to raise three children, put a descent roof over our heads, and taking on a car note and many other expenses, all without any assistance. After being evicted, we entered into a shelter for homeless families. This is where we now reside, but it’s only a one bedroom apartment and we could only stay there for one year: so now we are going through the pain stakes of getting packed and moving. Through all the hardships we have endured, and I truly mean hardships, we have been determined to stay positive. As of now, I have to constantly stay positive and focused. I wake up at five o’clock in the morning to catch the bus to go to school and make sure I stay focused on what needs to be done in class and try not to go to sleep. After school is over, I have football practice, which leaves me tired and exhausted, and from there I go straight to work. To add to the frustration, I have to also make sure my sister and brother h...

Impact on shareholder wealth due to steel mergers Essay

Impact on shareholder wealth due to steel mergers - Essay Example The present chapter focuses on the issues of mergers and acquisitions carried out certain companies in order to gain access and expand their horizon in the market and thus increasing their productivity as well as income. Shareholder value is greatly influenced by all types of mergers and acquisitions. Peter A. Hunt (2004:6) states that only well conceived and well executed transactions reward the shareholders resulting in an increased stock price. He further states that companies continue to merge with equal or lesser powerful companies and intend to acquire smaller companies in order to increase their shareholder value keeping in view their long term management process. It is also stated that mergers, acquisition and restructurings are pivotal in building value for shareholders and company's operating performance, its capital structure and its public perception are three elements that form the foundation of shareholder value. (Peter A. Hunt, 2004: 4) There are many instances when the companies in order to expand their business operations have targeted the companies that are running in losses. The process of merger or acquisition creates a huge hara-kiri among the international business community and shareholders which has huge impact on the shareholder value. The primary motive o... A merger is a transaction between larger or equal partners while acquisition is a transaction wherein the larger company takes hold of the smaller company. Successful acquisitions and mergers are intended to increase the profitability of parent firm and stock price. Leeth and Borg in their studies 'The Impact of Mergers on Acquiring Firm Shareholder Wealth' have found that the shareholders of the target company are most benefited. (http://eh.net) To examine this statement the present chapter attempts to present an analyses of the data collected from various sources and present statistical details on the merger and acquisitions during few decades that will help to understand the impact of merger and acquisitions on the shareholder value. The data analysis will also help to understand the impact of merger and acquisitions on the shareholder value and also the rate of increase or decrease in the shareholder value of the target firm as well as parent company that has arise due to the process. Data Analysis Merger and acquisitions have increased during this time of economic downturn where most of the company's mainly financial institutions are filing for bankruptcy. There are instances when companies in order to avoid bankruptcy have welcomed the decision of being merged with some other companies working in the same stream or let the other company acquire it. Recently, the one of the world's biggest car manufacturer General Motors had filed for bankruptcy. The recession has led to downturn of many big industries all over the world, mainly United States. The diagram 1 below shows the details of mergers and acquisitions done in large in some of the countries. Diagram 1 According to the diagram 1, the companies of United States and Canada are with most

HUMAN RESOURCE PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HUMAN RESOURCE PAPER - Essay Example This is because studies in organisational theories put emphasis on a number of interrelated fields of study such as communication, management and sociology, out of which the idea of behaviour can be studied. But because organisational theories are focused on organisations, the kind of behaviour that is studied as part of these fields is generalised and termed as organisational behaviour (Gumusluoglu and Ilsev, 2009). In principle therefore, organisational be said to be the study of how the behaviour of individuals, groups and corporate structures influence an organisation. Organisational behaviour is often undertaken as a study, in which case involves a number of qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis and data collection to take decisions on ways of improving organisational effectiveness (Bollen, 2009). It is therefore a very valid argument to make that organisational behaviour is directly related to organisational effectiveness. But for there to be organisational effective ness, there are key components of organisational behaviour that must come to play, two of which are critically analysed below. Adaptive leadership theory and its influence on organisational effectiveness Adaptive Leadership and its role on Organisational Behaviour An organization without a leader may best be likened to a snake without a head. In such a situation, the organization becomes as powerless and the snake with its head cut off (Coad and Berry, 1998). This is because just as the head of a snake does for the snake, the leader is there to determine the direction that the organization will take in all its endeavours and corporate dealings (Bessant and Buckingham, 2003). It would however be noted that just as there are several forms of snakes, there are also several types of leaders, using different styles and forms of leadership. In recent times, one of the commonest forms of leaderships that are used in both the academia and in practice is the adaptive leadership. Adaptive lea dership is very influential as a component of organizational behaviour, just as leadership in general is (Homburg, Krohmer and Workman, 1999). This is because from the definition of organizational behaviour, it is realized that organizational behaviour generally makes reference to how the organization reacts in intra-personal and inter-personal manner (Guns, 1996). Meanwhile, this sense of response is triggered by the leader, who determines how the organisation must behave. There are several ways in which leadership influences or determines organisational behaviour. In the first place, the leadership style and leadership phenomenon used at the workplace determines the kind of interactions and relationships that will exist among employees, between employees and employers, and between employees and customers (Bueno et al, 2010). Meanwhile, the nature of interactions and relationships that are in place within an organisation is a very instrumental part of organisational behaviour (Kant er, 2003). A typical example of this can be cited with Toyota Motor Corporation where the type of leadership practiced, which is adaptive leadership makes it possible for all employees to be freely part of organisational level decision making. Because of this, there is constant interaction and exchanges between employees, making it easier for employees to understand each other and thus create a more friendly and hospitable organisational behaviour among themselves and among other clients of the organisation. Another role of leadership on organisational behaviour is that leadership is very instrumental in the setting of organisational goals (Podsakoff and Organ, 1986). Meanwhile, Garcia (2008) stated that the goals, aims and visions of an organisation determines the response of the organisatio

FedEx Strategy at the Business, Corporate, and Network Levels Term Paper

FedEx Strategy at the Business, Corporate, and Network Levels - Term Paper Example Federal Express' clients ranged from large scale business to individual customers that required a wide range of services. As such, Federal Express needed to find a way to meet the needs of the various groups of customers that it provided services to. By streamlining its operations and by integrating its various systems, the company was able to develop a customer logistics management segment of its business to cater especially to its large-scale business clients that required such service (Conley et al, 2000). This included providing warehousing and distribution services that cut the costs for its business customers. Such strategy demonstrates the company's way of dealing with the paradox of market adaptation and resource leveraging. Having identified the needs of its clientele, FedEx used the extensive resource base it had in order to meet these needs. Since the company had established a logistics infrastructure, it merely put to good use the resources it already had. Federal Express understood the value of information for all its clients. As such, it continuously searched for various ways to improve the transfer of information between itself and its customers. Even before the FedEx website was launched in 1994, the company had already developed a number of computer programs and systems that allowed customers to acquire the information they needed regarding shipments including ordering and tracking. This is another demonstration of the company's ability to use its resources in order to adapt to the demands in the market. Since the demand was for better information sources, FedEx used its IT expertise in order to come up with a system that meets such needs.The acquisition became the strategy to better meet the needs of Federal Express Customers. After officially acquiring Parts Bank in 1988, FedEx, later on, acquired Caliber Systems in 1998. This enabled FedEx to create a corporation which had the ability to meet most, if not all, of the logistics and transportation needs of companies. Furthermore, FedEx underwent a process of reorganization wherein certain subsidiaries were combined.

Hilton Case study Essay Example for Free

Hilton Case study Essay Problem: From the case, we know Hilton is currently using the marketing penetration by focusing on business travelers. And now the expensive loyalty-program features that are added by Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide Inc. for attracting more business travelers is threatening Hilton by increasing Hilton’s cost or decreasing Hilton’s market shares. Solution: In my opinion, in response to the Starwood’s strategy, the solution for Hilton’s dilemma should be market development which is developing new market from current products or services. Hilton can avoid increasing its cost by showing customers Hilton has more and better benefits. There are several reasons for this solution. Firstly, HHonors Program has been a good service program for Hilton. On the other hand, Starwood’s Preferred Guest announcement was a strategy to their less effective frequent-guest program. As it shown on the case, â€Å"they changed it every few years†. Secondly, it is risky to compete with them by increasing the cost and adding the features Starwood added. It is because the lower cost-effectiveness will hurt the profit of the whole hotel industry eventually. Also, if Hilton can have the same or more amount of business with lower costs compared to other competitors, Hilton earns more profits. The last but not the least, it is important to market and consolidate the Hilton brand nowadays. We need to let customers know how superior Hilton is than other hotels to attract and retain consumers. Implementation: For implementation, Hilton needs to realize its flashpoints and put more marketing efforts on them. Firstly, HHW’s program has a unique practice called Double Dipping which means customers can earn mileage in partner airline and also earn HHonors points. This flashpoint can not only attract customers but also better relationship with corporate clients. Double Dipping melts the conflict of competing with the airline’s program. Hilton can talk to partner airlines by sharing members and create a complemented program with them. Then, Hilton can advertise this program to more airlines by calling them. So Hilton can attract more customers through airlines without increasing advisement costs. Also, Hilton can increase the number and range of partners such as car rental firms and Cookies firms. This action will help customers attain their rewards easily and eventually will help Hilton get more customers. Thirdly, Hilton can franchise to more small hotels with comparable with lower loyalty- program cost than its competitors in order to increase the market share of Midmarket without FB segment which other big competitors don’t have. After that, Hilton can send an email to their current customers in their computer system by presenting the appreciation for being Hilton customers and introducing Double Dipping and other partners for customers to attain rewards earlier. Also, tell them they can get desirable points by having someone experience Hilton. Guest managers who are responsible for making the best customers feel special and satisfy their needs as perfect as possible can call upper-rank customers by introducing themselves.

Religious Depictions in Art

Religious Depictions in Art The Human Experience The Vladimir Madonna The Vladimir Madonna is a Russian icon painted during the 12th century. It is recognized by the arm of a child around the neck of the mother. It is designed in that the face the mother is facing the audience. The face out-shows human warmth and comprehension, as well as deep concern and sadness (Cooper, Dana, and Claire, 150). The Mosaic Dome of the Great Mosque of Cordoba It is the most important building and monument in the Muslim religion. It is beautifully decorated with no seat or altars inside and is used as a place of worship (Darke, 90). The monument symbolizes religious changes Cordoba has undergone over the centuries. It also reveals Islamic art and architecture of the 8th century (Darke, 91). Giotto Lamentation (Burial of Jesus) The work reveals the mourning of Christ. The monument consists of the painting of the body of Christ being held by three women that wear halos and biblical costumes (Lubbock, 248). The painting of the face depicts extreme sadness and lays the foundation of the Renaissance. Giotto is the artist and is commonly referred as the father of western painting (Lubbock, 248). Duccio di Buoninsegna: Maesta (Virgin Mary Enthroned) Duccio is one of the most influential artists in Italy. In his Maesta, the Virgin is painted sited on a marvelous inlaid throne. The face is painted to reveal a hint of a smile (Keith, 40). Durham Cathedral (England) It is one of the monuments founded in 1093. The building still remains centre of worship to date. The walls are whitewashed while the shrines of Cuthbert are substantially destroyed. The exterior displays are the stained broken glass windows (Ch’ing, Mark, and Prakash, 370). Grunewald ‘Crucifixion’ from the Isenheim Altarpiece The Crucifixion altarpiece is an impressive art by Matthias which depicts the crucifixion of Christ (Gardner, Helen, and Kleiner, 504). The monument was constructed and painted in early 1500s, essentially containing a box of statues covered by folding wings. The art generally consists painting of Christ with the witnesses of the crucifixion scene and as revealed in the biblical teachings (Gardner, Helen, and Kleiner, 504). Raphael: The â€Å"Alba Madonna† and the â€Å"School of Athens† Alba Madonna and the School of Athens depict the works of Raphael in 1500s. in his school of Athens, Raphael is celebrated for his paintings ranging from the depiction of Plato to Aristotle other sages that reveal human sentiments. El Greco: â€Å"The Burial of Count Orgaz† The burial is one of El Greco’s panting and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. The art was created in 1588 and is considered his greatest masterpiece of all time (Scholz-Hansel, Michael, and Greco, 51). The burial contains heaven painting above and a moral burial scene below. Bernini’s â€Å"David† â€Å"David† is a marble sculpture created in 1623 depicting Bernini’s architecture. The painting consist the sculpture of David of the bible in a position suggesting his confrontation with the giant Goliath (Janson, and Anthony, 5). ‘Values’ The Vladimir Madonna The Vladimir Madonna reveals part of the life of the Russian history, accounting for the religious beliefs of that time. The icon was founded in 1395 and has remained since then (Cooper, Dana, and Claire, 150). The icon account for the miraculous interventions ascertained to it which makes the Russian people attached to it. The icon symbolizes the Russian’s acknowledgment of the Vladimir Virgin favors as contained in the scriptures. For instance, it symbolizes how Moscow was saved thrice from the Tartars on august of 1395 (Cooper, Dana, and Claire, 152). The Russian believe that the icon roused blazing enthusiasm in her defense during the attacks by the poles. The icon was later restored with the participation of religious leaders. It was then celebrated thrice a year in 1500s where the Russian held feasts in honor of the icon. It was considered a sacred treasure for them as it defended them against the Poles attacks of the Muscovites (Cooper, Dana, and Claire, 154). The Vladimir icons exist in two groups. First is the Odigitria also known as â€Å"The Guide†. In this group, the Virgin is painted holding the child Jesus on her left arm while pointing to him with the right hand. The manner in which the icon is placed is interpreted to mean that the Virgin is guiding people, or rather communicating to the Russian that the child (Jesus) is ‘the chosen one’. The second group is the â€Å"tender hearted†. In this group, the Virgin holds the child (Jesus) with her right arm in manner as if cuddling ‘Him’ in a gentle way filled with maternal tenderness. Through the two groups, the icon depicts the attitude of the iconographer which symbolizes the religious perception at the time. Personal opinion The icon depicts the Russian art and architecture during the 12th century. It also depicts the Russian religious beliefs at the time. This explains why the icon has been preserved up to date. More importantly, the icon helps us understand the human behavior in regard, as well as in connection with religious faith. The monument also reveals the great works and creativity of the artists of that time. The monument is an illustration of the continued revolution of human life, both socially and economically, as well politically. The transformation to the current world of civilization is also depicted. Through the icon, the Russian history is well revealed and described. For instance, Russian experienced three exceptional iconographers who cooperated in their painting talents to come up with a strong architecture. Through the Vladimir Virgin, we learn more of the Biblical teaching and Christian faith, especially the Catholic faith. For instance, the prolonged gave of the Virgin to the baby Jesus reveals the deep concern of a mother-child love. The divine reveals the mother’s concern for her son’s future. The Virgin is aware of what awaits her Son, as it is revealed through the scriptures, â€Å"†¦and a sword will pierce your own soul† as contained in Luke 2-35. In ancient times, the Jerusalem school of icon painters prevailed against Greek and other influences. For instance, the Virgin is depicted as a conservative Palestinian girl with her head covered in accordance with the culture. As written in the scriptures, the clarity of Virgin Mary is crystalline. In the same manner, the veil of the icon is painted white to pass the same message. In that regard, there is a connection between the early architecture and the religious, as well as the culture of the people at tha t time. Likewise, the same values are passed from one generation to the other. Giotto Lamentation (Burial of Jesus) Giotto lamentation is similar to Vladimir Madonna. The monument consists of the painting of the body of Christ being held by three women that wear halos and biblical costumes (Lubbock, 248). The painting of the face depicts extreme sadness and lays the foundation of the Renaissance. Giotto is the artist and is commonly referred as the father of western painting. He creatively used Byzantine techniques to create an emotional biblical story that combines traditional Byzantine elements of painting (Lubbock, 248). For instance, Giotto uses the dimensional layout and iconography in his painting to bring about emotion revelation of the death of Christ. The manner in which he displays his painting invites the viewers to witness the pain the Christ experienced during the lamentation. The paintings are displayed in that one can almost hear the sobs of the women around the body (Lubbock, 249). In the same manner, one can feel the shrieks from the angels above at a close look of the painting of the angles. Giotto’s lamentation depicts a realistic turn of events, turning the paintings into real human beings with real emotions. The painting consists of the body of Christ, some women and men, and angles (Lubbock, 250). They all surrounding the body of Christ and preventing it from touching the ground. At Jesus’ feet is a woman whom we believe is Mary Magdalene from the biblical teaching. We are able to recognize her from her long red hair. The entire painting reveals the burial of the Christ as explained in the scriptures. The painting is about 7.5 feet square and relies entirely on the Bible, including the meditation on the life of Christ as described in the monk of the 13th century (Lubbock, 250). Personal opinion Giotto’s painting was done between the 12th and the 13th centuries when Christianity was widely spreading across the Roman Empire. It was during the reign of Emperor Constantine and Christianity emerged the most powerful institution in Western Europe. With the spread of the Christianity came the foundation of the Renaissance. The Renaissance was kinder like the birth of the ancient Greek and Roman culture. This came during the time economic prosperity in Europe and this gave birth to art which mainly concentrated on the human culture. Giotto mainly opened the way into a new style early painting by creating a world that is symbolic. His understanding of human form is well expressed through his painting skills as an artist. He clearly separates the human forms from the saintly counterparts. Heaven and earth are well demonstrated as well as joined together through the body of Christ. Giotto’s architecture mainly focuses on the birth and the spread of Christianity from one generation to the other. His work has proved to be one of the most influential architecture in Europe. Lamentation depicts the process of the burial of the Christ. In other word, the painting is self explanatory of what is written in the scripture. It enables readers understand the roman cultures, especially the Roman Catholic faith. It serves also as a quicker revelation of the roman culture relation the events that took place during the burial of Christ with the current faith of the Christians. With the painting, Christians can easily and effectively relate with the reality that the followers of Christ faced by then. The paintings are emotional to carry out the message effectively. Durham Cathedral (England) It is one of the monuments founded in 1093 (Gardner, Helen, and. Kleiner, 181). The building still remains centre of worship to date. It was the first cathedral in Europe and is made of stone rib vaulting, with the earliest pointed transverse arches in England. The main entry is through the north door. The door contain a sanctuary knocker made of bronze and is specifically used during medieval times by those seeking sanctuary. The Durham Cathedral’s nave is surrounded by attractive massive curved pillars, 6.6 meters high and round (Gardner, Helen, and. Kleiner, 181). The pillars have stood for more than 900 years. The building contains a long narrow slab of frosterly stone where women remained as they were not allowed to enter the building. The walls are whitewashed while the shrines of Cuthbert are substantially destroyed. The exterior displays are the stained broken glass windows (Gardner, Helen, and. Kleiner, 182). On the west end is the Galilee chapel, very large and beautifully decorated, and was built in 1170 (Ching, Mark, and Vikramaditya, 370). The chapel contains a tomb and monk built in the 8th century. The northern side walls contain painting of the 12th century (Ch’ing, Mark, and Vikramaditya, 370). Additionally, the quire contains finely curved wood stalls along which the daily services take place. The chapels also contain the bishop’s throne where the bishop used to seat. Separated from St. Cuthbert’s shrine is the high altar which is the focal point of the chapel. There is a Castell’s clock situated in the south transept which is believed to have been provided by Thomas Castell in 1494 (Ch’ing, Mark, and Vikramaditya, 370). The entire monument is well maintained in its original form is acts like a museum for tourists. Personal Opinion Durham Cathedral is one of the biggest Cathedrals and was kept to symbolize the origin of the Christian Catholic faith. The building has been kept in its original form apart from few changes which include paintings on the walls but its interior and exterior outlays have been maintained. The chapel is used as the center of worship and mainly acts as a sign of unity among the believers. The chapel takes after the main chapel of all time; the old St. Peter’s situated in Rome. Just like the Old St. Peter’s square in Rome, Durham Cathedral plays a major role in England. Durham Cathedral depicts the origin of the Catholic faith which signifies the cultural beliefs of its followers. It also signifies the traditional roman architecture of all time. The chapel can be used to study human behavior and perceptions towards a particular subjected. For instance, most Christians belief in life after death, and that Christ died on the cross for our sins. This might be different from Islamic religion. Additionally, Christians can use the chapel to trace their root of their faith, as well as trace or find answers about a particular issue. Nonetheless, the chapel can as well be used as a museum, especially for artist who want to learn and explore their skills in the field art. Work Cited Ching, Francis D. K, Mark Jarzombek, and Vikramaditya Prakash. A Global History of Architecture. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011. Internet resource. (pg, 370) Christiansen, Keith. Duccio and the Origins of Western Painting. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2008. Print. (Pg 40) Cooper, Dana, and Claire Phelan. Motherhood and War: International Perspectives. , 2014. Print. (Pg150) Darke, Diana. Syria. Chalfont St. Peter: Bradt Travel Guides, 2010. Print. 90 Gardner, Helen, and Fred S. Kleiner. Gardners Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Boston, Mass.: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. (Pg 255). Gardner, Helen, and Fred S. Kleiner. Gardners Art Through the Ages: A Concise Global History. Australia: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. 181-182 Gardner, Helen, and Fred S. Kleiner. Gardners Art Through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Boston, Mass.: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. (Pg 504) Janson, H W, and Anthony F. Janson. History of Art. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 2004. Print. Lubbock, Jules. Storytelling in Christian Art from Giotto to Donatello. New Haven [u.a.: Yale University Press, 2006. Print. (Pg,248) Scholz-Hansel, Michael, and Greco. El Greco: Domenikos Theotokopoulos, 1541-1614. Hong Kong, China: Taschen, 2006. Print. (Pg, 51)

The Psychological and Emotional Impact of Domestic Violence Essay

Surprisingly enough, domestic violence affects more than just the immediate victim. Domestic violence is a growing, widespread social problem in America. In the majority of all cases, the victim is spousal or intimate. Children that live in a household where domestic violence is prevalent are also affected. Domestic violence not only has short-term effects on the victim, it also has long-term effects. The long-term effect of this violent abuse is usually physical, psychological, and economical. The immediate effects of physical violence are usually obvious, but the long-term effects seem to hide deep within the victim’s body. Many physical injuries sustained by women seem to cause long-term medical difficulties, particularly as they grow older. Many experience arthritis, hypertension, and heart disease because of broken bones, high stress levels, frequent medical deficiencies, and scar tissue from internal damage. The primary and immediate focus for most victims is the physical injury, while the emotional and psychological abuse inflicted has a larger impact overall. Depression, which sometimes leads to suicide, is the most traumatic effect of domestic violence and abuse. In addition, victims may also experience Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. This disorder’s characteristic symptoms are flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, and insomnia. Children that live in the violent environment may also fall victim to behavioral or emotional deficiencies, including depression and anxiety. A...

Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner

Running head: RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 1 Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Denyse Collins University of South Alabama RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE Returning to School to Become a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Introduction There is great benefit and reward in returning to nursing school. Returning to nursing school has a positive, transformative, and life-changing effect.This essay will explore factors contributing to nurses returning to school, barriers that returning nursing students might face, 2 support required for successful completion, and my plan for a successful outcome in becoming a Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner. Discussion Nursing is a career that continues to demonstrate long-term demand. It can improve job security and provide long-term security. In some Oregon hospitals (I reside in the state of Oregon), the minimal educational requirements for Registered Nurses will soon be the Baccalaureate de gree. Accordingly, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing recognizes the Bachelor of Science degree in nursing as the minimal educational requirement for professional nursing practice† (Blais & Hayes, 2011, p. 4). Nurses returning to school learn more about the profession they’ve chosen. Delightfully, this may result in a change of perspectives of their previously conceived ideas of the meaning of nursing, the world around them, and themselves. Education enhances self-confidence and one’s sense of purpose. Being able to say, â€Å"I did it! † provides a great sense of accomplishment.In addition, returning to school helps one to improve computer skills, writing ability, and organizational skills. â€Å"Although RNs felt they returned to school as skilled, knowledgeable and professional practitioners, they reported growing beyond their expectations in areas of knowledge and professionalism, which they felt led the to become more effective change ag ents and patient advocates†(Orsolini-Hain, p. 1). RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 3 Finding the time to devote to school and studies is a major concern for nurses returning to school.Distance-based and on-line programs aren’t easier or less intensive than a traditional school setting. Managing time for study, work, family, self-care, and maintaining a home and garden, can be a real balancing act! Finding money for school may also complicate matters. There are several financial aid sources. Some of these are tuition reimbursement from employers, scholarships, and federal grants and loans. The adage â€Å"it takes a village,† can be (humorously), applied to the support one needs to be successful, in returning to, and completing school.While it is not a requirement of success, having the support of family, friends, professors, and classmates, greatly enhances the educational experience and creates comfort and ease during times of stress. My persona l plan for success in completing the Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner program includes time management and organization in regard to study and preparation, becoming proficient in computer skills as an on-line learner, maintaining self-care, and continuing to take pleasure in the process of returning to school.Conclusion The benefits of returning to school, for a higher nursing degree, are enormous. They are both tangible and intangible. One can improve their status in the job market, attain greater degrees of autonomy, and experience the thrill of knowing one has achieved their dream. Furthering one’s nursing education enhances one’s career and nourishes a sense of self-worth and purpose. The end result is enhanced quality of life for one’s self and one’s nursing practice, which in turn, benefits others, and ultimately makes the world a little better place.RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE 4 RETURNING TO SCHOOL TO BECOME A PSYCHIATRIC NURSE References Blais, K. K. , & Hayes, J. S. (2011). Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Orsolini-Hain, L. (2008). What’s all the Fuss? Working towards a Baccalaureate or Graduate Degree in Nursing. Retrieved from http://www. nsna. org/careercenter/fuss. aspx 5

Can a Christian justify the use of Nuclear Weapons? Essay

When answering the title of this essay, you have to first look at why countries retain and develop nuclear weapons. The first reason and most obvious of all is to use the nuclear device to destroy an enemy. A good Christian however can never justify this, because no matter how accurate your weapons are you will undoubtedly kill innocent civilians. If you look at the Ten Commandments laid down by God you will see that God was opposed to war, violence and any form of mistreatment. We are told, â€Å"To love thy neighbour† and â€Å"To treat our enemies, as we would want to be treated. † If you were to look at these commandments you would see that nuclear warfare could never be justified and if you do provoke a nuclear war you should be punished. That brings me into the second reason of why countries retain nuclear weapons and that is as a threat. It is a way of protecting your country, but you will protect yourself and retaliate if provoked. Any Christian would feel that this was unjust, after all God did say in the Ten Commandments, â€Å"Forgive your enemy†. Retaliating in any way, shape or form would be breaking the Ten Commandments and therefore you could not call yourself a good Christian. That leads me onto the third reason of why countries retain nuclear bombs that is to use it as a deterrent to anyone who may consider attacking the country. Many Christians believe that retain nuclear bombs just for the use, as a deterrent, is ridiculous. They feel that there is no point in spending millions of pounds on producing nuclear weapons just for the use as a threat. It is difficult to imagine that people find it acceptable that 75,000 to 100,000 die unnecessarily every day from lack of food, water, shelter, sanitation etc (not from war) while the world’s most privileged governments pour even more billions into ‘security. ‘ I agree with them, and I feel that there are far more important things throughout the world that need our help like those listed above. Spending huge amounts on developing nuclear weapons is very unnecessary and the money should be aimed at ending death and pain rather than creating it. However, it is not only Christians that believe retaining nuclear bombs, as a deterrent, is wrong and that dropping nuclear bombs is unjust. I asked Canon Michael Evans (A priest at my local Roman Catholic Parish) and he said the following, â€Å"Nuclear deterrence as a national policy must be condemned as morally abhorrent because it is the excuse and justification for the continued possession and further development of these horrendous weapons. We urge all to join in taking up the challenge to begin the effort to eliminate nuclear weapons now, rather than relying on them indefinitely. † You can see that even in other religions the retention of nuclear weapons, as a deterrent is believed to be unjust, even though it may have a slim chance of preventing war. Then there is the saying from a 4th Century Roman Christian who said, â€Å"Let him who desires peace, prepare for war. † He was saying that if anyone wants peace, must protect themselves as a deterrent from potential attackers. But who is to say that nuclear weapons that are being used as a deterrent will never be used to destroy an enemy causing pain and death to a population. The most obvious approach a Christian would take to nuclear warfare would be the unilateral approach. That is never to retain nuclear weapons and certainly never to use them. This would be the most just way, because you can spend money on things that are important like health, education and transport. By not retaining nuclear arms, no one would try to attack you, because they would not find you as a threat. But of course you can never rid everyone of knowledge. Therefore any one person could have the know how to design and manufacture nuclear bombs for use of a destructive nature. I feel that the forth approach is the best and most just way of using nuclear weapons- not to use them at all. You are not threatening anyone, you follow all of the Ten Commandments and you follow the Just War Theory.